Apparatus, and system for certificate of mailing

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and system are disclosed for analyzing computer events recorded in a plurality of computer datasets. The apparatus includes a read module configured to access chronicle records in two datasets, an extraction module configured to extract a timestamp from each chronicle record, a generation module configured to generate a chronicle time indicator for each chronicle record based on the extracted timestamp, and a placement module configured to place the generated chronicle time indicator into the associated chronicle record. Typically, chronicle records in a first chronicle record have records with desired timestamp characteristics while chronicle records in a second dataset have chronicle records with incompatible timestamp characteristics. The apparatus and method generate the chronicle time indicator to be compatible with desired timestamp characteristics of the first dataset and place the generated chronicle time indicator in each incompatible chronicle record.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/242,516 entitled “Method for Analyzing ComputerEvents Recorded in a Plurality of Chronicle Datasets” and filed on Oct.3, 2005 for Alan Ray Smith, which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to timestamps in data records used to store traceevents and more particularly relates to modifying trace records to makethem compatible with a desired timestamp format found in log records.

2. Description of the Related Art

Many applications record operational events into various datasets orfiles. These files chronicle a sequence of historical events using asingle record for each event. Various names are given to these filesincluding log datasets, log files, trace datasets, trace files and soforth. To avoid confusion, this application uses the term chronicledataset to reference all types of files that record a sequential listingof operational events. Chronicle datasets comprise log datasets andtrace datasets as well as all other computer files which recordoperational events. Records within chronicle datasets are generallyorganized in chronological order.

Chronicle datasets comprise a sequence of records. Each record storesinformation about a single operational event. Each record contains atimestamp or is organized in such a way that a timestamp could becreated for each record. The timestamp indicates the creation time ofthe record and/or the time that the operational event occurred.

A software developer may create a chronicle point in software code. Achronicle point is often termed a trace point or a log entry point. Achronicle point is the point in the software where the software createsa chronicle record. An operator my set various flags to activate anddeactivate chronicle points.

Activation of all chronicle points creates a more extensive chronicledataset. However, activation of all chronicle points may also retard theperformance of the software and may cause the creation of anunmanageable number of chronicle records. In response to these and otherproblems, developers have created many distinct formats for chroniclerecords and chronicle datasets. In fact, many software applicationscreate chronicle records for multiple chronicle datasets in multipleformats.

Computer operators, software developers, and service personnel usechronicle datasets to evaluate and improve the operation ofapplications. A developer may determine delay time for a specific codepath by comparing timestamps for chronicle records created upon entryinto the code path and upon exit from the code path. A servicetechnician may determine appropriate tuning parameters based on ananalysis of a chronicle dataset.

Service personnel use various service tools to assist them in analyzingchronicle datasets. Service personnel use service tools to sortchronicle records according to various criteria to make the chroniclerecords more meaningful. Service tools may sort chronicle recordsaccording to creation time or according to a sequence number in eachchronicle record. Service tools may also sort and/or filter chroniclerecords according to record type, flow type, the host name that createdthe chronicle record, the application that created the chronicle record,etc.

Normally, a service tool only sorts or orders a single chronicle datasetcontaining similarly formatted chronicle records. However, servicepersonnel may sometimes analyze chronicle records from differentsources, which have varied formats. Although service tools exist whichcan merge multiple datasets with similarly formatted records, servicetools cannot merge all record types and formats. Typically, servicetools merge and sort chronicle records according to a timestamp fieldstored in each record. However, many chronicle records containtimestamps with distinct formats.

Some chronicle point types create chronicle records with a timestamp atthe beginning of the record while other chronicle point types place thetimestamp as field at the end of the chronicle record. In addition,distinct chronicle point types use distinct formats to store the timevalue in a timestamp field. Generally, differences in timestamp formatscreate most service tool merge problems. In order to analyze theperformance of a software application properly, it may be desirable touse chronicle records from multiple chronicle datasets with incompatibleformats. It would be very expensive to rewrite current service tools tohandle all chronicle record formats.

From the foregoing discussion, it should be apparent that a need existsfor an apparatus and system that facilitates analysis of multiplechronicle datasets with distinct record formats to allow servicepersonnel and others to properly analyze chronicle datasets as a whole.Beneficially, such an apparatus and system would allow service personneland others to correlate operational events and more quickly evaluate andimprove software applications using existing service tools.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been developed in response to the presentstate of the art, and in particular, in response to the problems andneeds in the art that have not yet been fully solved by currentlyavailable software. Accordingly, the present invention has beendeveloped to provide an apparatus, and system for analyzing computerevents recorded in a plurality of chronicle datasets with incompatibleformats that overcome many or all of the above-discussed shortcomings inthe art.

A programmed method is presented for analyzing computer events recordedin a plurality of chronicle datasets. The programmed method in thedisclosed embodiments substantially includes the steps necessary tocarry out the process steps of accessing a chronicle dataset and a logdataset; extracting a timestamp; generating a chronicle time indicator;and placing the chronicle time indicator into one of the accessedchronicle records.

In one embodiment, the programmed method is in the form of processsteps. In another distinct embodiment, the programmed method is in theform of a computer-readable medium embodying computer instructions forperforming the process steps. In another distinct embodiment, theprogrammed method is in the form of a computer system programmed bysoftware, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof, for performingthe process steps. In yet another embodiment, the programmed method isin the form of an apparatus comprising software, hardware, firmware, orany combination thereof, for performing the process steps.

In one embodiment, the accessing program step includes accessing achronicle record in a chronicle dataset as well as accessing log recordsin a log dataset. The chronicle record has a timestamp; however, thetimestamp in the chronicle record has a format incompatible with theformat of the timestamps from the log records. The incompatibility ofthe timestamp formats may relate to the lengths of the timestamps, theencoding algorithm for the various timestamps, and also may relate tothe placement of the timestamps in the records.

In one embodiment, the extraction process step includes accessing achronicle timestamp definition. The chronicle timestamp definition maydetail the timestamp format, the timestamp encoding, and/or the offsetof the timestamp in the chronicle record. A user of a program may enterthe chronicle timestamp definition or the program may the definitionfrom a timestamp definition file or database.

In one embodiment, the programmed method further includes a process stepto identify a chronicle record which is incompatible with the logrecords. Identification of the incompatible records may rely on thechronicle timestamp definition described above.

The process step of generating a chronicle time indicator modifies theextracted timestamp from an incompatible format to a compatible format.The compatible format matches the format of the log time indicator ofthe log records in the log dataset.

The process step of placing the chronicle time indicator into thechronicle record comprises updating the chronicle record with thegenerated chronicle time indicator. The process step places thechronicle time indicator into the chronicle record such that themodified chronicle record and the log records may be merged and sortedusing traditional tools which depend on the placement and the format ofthe log time indicator in the log records. The programmed method mayfurther include merging and sorting the updated chronicle record withthe log records.

In a further embodiment, the process step of extracting the timestampfrom the chronicle record my comprise reading a twelve byte packeddecimal value. Generating a chronicle time indicator may furthercomprise converting the twelve byte packed decimal value into asixty-four bit binary number representative of time duration since Jan.1, 1900. The converted sixty-four bit binary number may be compatiblewith a mainframe time of day clock value.

A system for analyzing computer events recorded in a plurality ofdatasets is also presented. The system is provided with a logic unitcontaining a plurality of components configured to functionally executethe necessary steps. These components in the described embodimentsinclude a read module, an extraction module, a generation module, aplacement module, an optional identification module, and an optionalmerge module.

The components of the system perform the process steps described above.The read module accesses chronicle dataset records and log datasetrecords. The extraction module extracts a timestamp from a chroniclerecord. The generation module generates a chronicle timestamp indicatorcompatible with a log time indicator from the log dataset records. Theplacement module places the updated chronicle time indicator in thechronicle record. The optional identification module may identify thechronicle records which contain incompatible chronicle records. Theoptional merge module may merge the updated chronicle record with thelog dataset records.

A method for analyzing computer events recorded in a plurality ofdatasets. The method is generally used by service personnel in analyzingand/or servicing systems which use chronicle datasets. The method in thedisclosed embodiments substantially include3s the steps necessary tocarry out the functions presented above with respect to the operation ofthe described process method and system.

In one embodiment, the method includes accessing a chronicle record andlog records. The log records have a particular format including atimestamp in the form of a log time indicator. The chronicle record hastimestamp whose format is incompatible with the format of the log timeindicator. The method further includes extracting the timestamp from thechronicle record and generating a chronicle time indicator based on theextracted timestamp.

In one embodiment, the method further includes placing the chronicletime indicator into the chronicle record such that the updated chroniclerecord may be easily merged and sorted with the log records using thelog record log time indicators and the chronicle time indicator of thechronicle record.

In one embodiment, the method further includes identifying chroniclerecords in a chronicle dataset which have timestamps which areincompatible with log time indicators in the log records. In someembodiments, the identifying step utilizes a chronicle timestampdefinition retrieved from service personnel executing the method or froma file or database containing such definitions.

Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, orsimilar language does not imply that all of the features and advantagesthat may be realized with the present invention should be or are in anysingle embodiment of the invention. Rather, language referring to thefeatures and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature,advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodimentis included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus,discussion of the features and advantages, and similar language,throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to thesame embodiment.

Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics ofthe invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that theinvention may be practiced without one or more of the specific featuresor advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additionalfeatures and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments thatmay not be present in all embodiments of the invention.

These features and advantages of the present invention will become morefully apparent from the following description and appended claims, ormay be learned by the practice of the invention as set forthhereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that the advantages of the invention will be readilyunderstood, a more particular description of the invention brieflydescribed above will be rendered by reference to specific embodimentsthat are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that thesedrawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are nottherefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the inventionwill be described and explained with additional specificity and detailthrough the use of the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a computer program which illustrates an environment in whichthe chronicle records used in one embodiment of the present inventionare created;

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of asystem for analyzing computer events recorded in chronicle datasets;

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of anapparatus for analyzing computer events recorded in chronicle datasets;

FIG. 4A is a format specification for one embodiment of a chroniclerecord;

FIG. 4B is a format specification of one embodiment of a log timestampindicator;

FIG. 4C is a format specification for one embodiment of a chroniclerecord;

FIG. 4D is a format specification of one embodiment of a tracetimestamp; and

FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment ofa method for analyzing computer events in accordance with the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

One preferred embodiment, in accordance with the present invention, isdirected to a programmed method for analyzing computer events recordedin a plurality of chronicle datasets. The term “programmed method”, asused herein, is defined to mean one or more process steps that arepresently performed; or, alternatively, one or more process steps thatare enabled to be performed at a future point in time. This enablementfor future process step performance may be accomplished in a variety ofways. For example, a system may be programmed by hardware, software,firmware, or a combination thereof to perform process steps; or,alternatively, a computer-readable medium may embody computer readableinstructions that perform process steps when executed by a computer.

The term “programmed method” anticipates four alternative forms. First,a programmed method comprises presently performed process steps. Second,a programmed method comprises a computer-readable medium embodyingcomputer instructions, which when executed by a computer, perform one ormore process steps. Third, a programmed method comprises an apparatushaving hardware and/or software modules configured to perform theprocess steps. Finally, a programmed method comprises a computer systemthat has been programmed by software, hardware, firmware, or anycombination thereof, to perform one or more process steps.

It is to be understood that the term “programmed method” is not to beconstrued as simultaneously having more than one alternative form, butrather is to be construed in the truest sense of an alternative formwherein, at any given point in time, only one of the plurality ofalternative forms is present. Furthermore, the term “programmed method”is not intended to require that an alternative form must excludeelements of other alternative forms with respect to the detection of aprogrammed method in an accused device.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an event analyzer 100 comprisinga software application 110 and three chronicle datasets 130.

A chronicle dataset 130 comprises or more chronicle records 140. Eachrecord 140 represents a historical operational event related to theoperation of a computer system. Each record 140 comprises a timestamp orsome indicator suitable for determining a timestamp. In addition, eachrecord 140 may comprise special codes and data. The format of chroniclerecords 140 will be discussed further below in relation to FIGS. 2A-2D.

Three types of chronicle datasets 130 are depicted in FIG. 1: a logdataset 134, a trace dataset 136, and a debug dataset 138. Thesechronicle dataset types do not represent an exhaustive list of chronicledataset types, but are simply given to illustrate three different typesof chronicle datasets 130.

The software application 110 includes a procedure 112. A partial listingof sample source code for procedure 112 illustrated. Procedure 112includes four chronicle points 122. A chronicle point 122 is a point ina software application in which the software executes code to create achronicle record 140.

The chronicle points 122 maybe classified according to the type ofchronicle record 140 created by the chronicle point 122. Chroniclepoints 122 include but are not limited to a log point 123, a trace point125 and a debug point 126. Log points 123 call a LogPoint procedurewhich creates a log record 144, a first type of chronicle record 140.Trace point 125 calls a TracePoint procedure to create a trace record146, a second type of chronicle record 140. Debug point 126 calls aDebug procedure to create a debug record 148, a third type of chroniclerecord 140. In the illustrated embodiment, the log points create appendlog records 144 to the log dataset 134. The trace point 125 appendstrace records 146 to the trace dataset 136, and the debug point 126appends debug records 148 to the debug dataset 138.

Generally, all chronicle records 140 in a single chronicle dataset 130share the same format. Dissimilarities between the formats of chroniclerecords 140 in distinct chronicle datasets 130 do exist. Thedissimilarities create problems when trying to merge chronicle datasets130 to analyze events in light of multiple chronicle datasets 130. Logrecords 144 and trace records 146 and their distinctions are discussedin more detail below in connection with FIGS. 4A-4D.

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an event analyzer 200.The event analyzer operates on chronicle records 140 of different types.The event analyzer accesses chronicle records 140, which may be logrecords 144, trace records 146, debug records 148, and other types ofchronicle records 140.

The event analyzer 200 modifies, changes, or updates the chroniclerecords 140 to facilitate merging and sorting of the chronicle recordsto a single output chronicle dataset 230. The event analyzer 200 maymerge the chronicle records 140 and may sort the chronicle records 140.However, legacy analysis tools may accomplish the tasks of merging andsorting. The event analyzer 200 modifies only those chronicle records140 whose formats do not match the format expected the legacy tools.

In operating on different chronicle records 140, the event analyzer 200typically differentiates between two classes of chronicle records 140:compatible chronicle records 242 and incompatible chronicle records 243.Compatible chronicle records 242 have timestamps with desired timestampcharacteristics. Incompatible chronicle records 243 have timestampswithout desired timestamp characteristics. Typically, the legacy toolsthat analyze chronicle records 140 function properly only if thetimestamp in a chronicle record 140 conforms to specific desiredtimestamp characteristics.

Periodically, it is necessary to analyze chronicle records 140 ofdifferent types, for example, log records 144 and trace records 146. Thetimestamp characteristics of a log record 144 are distinct from thetimestamp characteristics of a trace record 146. The characteristics ofa timestamp which are important to legacy tools include the timestamplocation in the chronicle record 140, the timestamp length and thetimestamp encoding. This list of timestamp characteristics providesexamples of timestamp characteristics and is not an exhaustive list.Each of these timestamp characteristics is discussed in further detailbelow with respect to FIGS. 4A-4D.

The event analyzer 200 reads both compatible chronicle records 242 andincompatible chronicle records 243. The event analyzer 200 writesunmodified compatible chronicle records 242 into an output chronicledataset 230. However, the event analyzer 200 modifies the incompatiblechronicle records 243 to create modified compatible chronicle records243 a which are compatible with compatible chronicle records 242 withrespect to timestamp characteristics. Typically, legacy tools sortchronicle records 140 based on a timestamp contained in each chroniclerecord 140. By modifying the timestamp chrematistics of incompatiblechronicle records 243, the event analyzer 200 creates modified chroniclerecords 243 a the legacy tools analyze.

With respect to FIG. 2, the event analyzer 200 may modify some or all ofthe input chronicle records 140 such that legacy tools may merge andsort the output chronicle records 140. As an example, event analyzer 200may determine that all chronicle records 140 must match the format oflog records 144. Thus, event analyzer 200 recognizes that log records144 are compatible chronicle records 242 that need no modification. Theevent analyzer 200 does not need to modify a compatible chronicle record242 and stores the unmodified compatible chronicle record 242 in outputchronicle dataset 230. However, the event analyzer 200 recognizes thattrace record 146 is an incompatible chronicle record 243 and modifiesthe incompatible chronicle record 243 into a modified compatiblechronicle record 243 a and stores the modified compatible chroniclerecord 243 a in output chronicle dataset 230. Preferably, the eventanalyzer 200 only modifies a limited portion of the incompatiblechronicle record 243 such that the legacy tools may easily merge andsort the compatible chronicle records 242 together with the modifiedcompatible chronicle records 243 a. The event analyzer 200 preferablyleaves all data in the incompatible chronicle record 243 unmodified.

Event analyzer 200 may merge and sort the compatible chronicle records242 and the modified compatible chronicle, 243 a in the output chronicledataset 230. Alternatively, legacy tools may merge, sort, and furtheranalyze the compatible chronicle records 242 and the modified compatiblechronicle records 243 a in output chronicle dataset 230.

FIG. 3 illustrates an event analyzer 200 for analyzing computer eventsrecorded in a plurality of chronicle datasets 130. The event analyzer200 comprises a read module 304, an exaction module 306, a generationmodule 308, a placement module 310, and a merge module 312. The eventanalyzer 200 may comprise an independent software application or amodule within a larger software program. As such, a computer operatormay issue a command to start the event analyzer 200 or a procedure callfrom another program may start the execution of event analyzer 200.

In one embodiment, the event analyzer 200 reads chronicle records 140and identifies incompatible chronicle records 243. The event analyzer200 creates out output dataset 230 comprising compatible chroniclerecords 242 and modified compatible chronicle records, 243 a. Eachcompatible chronicle record 242 and modified compatible chronicle record243 a comprises a timestamp with desired timestamp characteristics suchthat the legacy tools may read and analyze output chronicle dataset 230.The various modules function together to achieve this goal.

The read module 304 is configured to access one or more chronicledatasets 130. The read module 304 may access all chronicle datasets 130including those for log records 144 and trace records 146.Alternatively, the read module 304 may access only chronicle datasets140 having chronicle records incompatible chronicle records 243. Forexample, trace records 146 may have undesired timestamp characteristicsthat are incompatible with desired timestamp characteristics in logrecords 144. Read module 304 may or may not access log records 144 thatalready have desired timestamp characteristics.

Extraction module 306 works in conjunction with the read module toextract a timestamp from an incompatible chronicle record 243.Typically, extraction module 306 extracts timestamps having particularcharacteristics. For example, extraction module 306 may be configured torecognize and extract a timestamp from a trace record 146. In anotherembodiment, an operator may pass to the extraction module parametersthat specify the offset, length, and format of a timestamp forextraction from an incompatible chronicle record 243. An operator mayspecify such timestamp characteristics as a timestamp definition. Theextraction module may use a timestamp definition for identifying anddecoding a timestamp in an incompatible chronicle record 243.Alternatively, the extraction module may also retrieve the timestampdefinition from a database of such definitions.

Generation module 308 typically generates a timestamp with compatibletimestamp characteristics. The generation module 308 may use a timestampdefinition that specifies the desired timestamp characteristics. Anoperator may pass the desired timestamp definition to the generationmodule, or alternatively, the generation module may retrieve the desiredtimestamp definition from a database or other location.

In one embodiment, generation module 308, for each incompatiblechronicle record 243, creates a chronicle timestamp indicator 438 (SeeFIGS. 4A-4D) having desired timestamp characteristics. The chronicletimestamp indicator 438 represents the same time value as that extractedfrom the timestamp of the incompatible chronicle record 243. Thechronicle timestamp indicator 438 has the same timestamp characteristicsas those found in a compatible chronicle record 242.

In other embodiments for which the desired timestamp characteristics aredifferent, the generation module 308 generates a timestamp havingdesired timestamp characteristics.

The placement module 310 places the generated timestamp into theassociated incompatible chronicle record 243 resulting in a modifiedcompatible chronicle record 243 a. In one embodiment, the placementmodule appends the generated timestamp to the end of the incompatiblechronicle record 243. In other embodiments, placement module prependsthe generated timestamp to the incompatible chronicle record 243,inserts the generated timestamp into the incompatible chronicle record243, or writes the generated timestamp over a prior timestamp in theincompatible chronicle record 243. Preferably, the placement moduletransforms the incompatible chronicle record 243 into a modifiedcompatible chronicle record 243 a having the desired timestampcharacteristics.

The merge module 312 merges compatible chronicle records 242 withmodified compatible chronicle records 243 a. The merge module storesmerged chronicle records 140 in output chronicle dataset 230. Inaddition, the merge module may sort the output dataset 230 using thechronicle timestamp indicator 438 in each chronicle record 140. In oneembodiment, the merge module 312 merges a dataset of log records 144with a dataset of modified trace records 146. The modified trace records146 have a chronicle timestamp indicator 438 compatible with thetimestamp in the log records. The merge module merges the two datasetstogether and sorts the resultant records chronologically according tothe timestamps in each chronicle record 140.

FIGS. 4A-4D illustrate alternative embodiments of chronicle records 140.These figures present only two samples of chronicle records 140 and arenot exhaustive of the possible embodiments of chronicle records 140.

FIG. 2A illustrates a chronicle record 140. In FIG. 2A, chronicle record140 is a log record 144. The log record 144 comprises a header 432, adata portion 434, and a log timestamp indicator 436. The log record 144is typical of log records stored in log datasets on mainframe computers.For Instance, IBM's Information Management System (IMS) DatabaseManagement System (DBMS) uses the system log facility to create logrecords 144 stored in a log dataset 134.

FIG. 2B illustrates an expanded version of the log timestamp indicator436. The log timestamp indicator 436 comprises two eight byte fields: alog timestamp 442 and a log sequence number 444. The log timestamp 442holds a sixty-four bit value representative of a duration of time sinceJan. 1, 1900. The value stored in a log timestamp 442 may be a mainframetime of day clock or a similarly formatted sixty-four bit value. As anexample, IBM's OS/3146 and z/OS mainframe operating systems use asixty-four bit value for the time of day clock. The log sequence number444 is a sixty-four bit sequence number that generally increments witheach log record entry. However, some log sequence number 444 fieldscontain all zeros or other values, all ones, or other non-incrementedvalues.

Log timestamp indicator 436 is typical of a chronicle timestampindicator 438 having desired timestamp characteristics. It should beunderstood that a chronicle record 140 in a chronicle dataset 130 maytake on any of a myriad of different formats. The definition of aspecific format offered in this specification does not limit theinvention to the format described here.

FIG. 2C depicts a trace record 146 which is another example of achronicle record 140 that may be stored in a chronicle dataset 130. Thetrace record 146 comprises header 450 and data portion 254. Header 450further comprises a header key 451 and a trace timestamp 452. In oneembodiment of a trace record, the header key 451 is a two byte hex valueof 0x67FA. Other trace records use distinct values for the header key451. Typically, the header 450 comprises additional fields notillustrated here.

FIG. 2D illustrates an expanded view of one embodiment of a tracetimestamp 452. As shown, trace timestamp 452 comprises a twelve bytevalue divided into thirteen fields. Together, the fields report aspecific time, with precision to the nearest microsecond.

Each field in the trace timestamp 452 is stored in packed decimalformat. In packed decimal, each nibble holds a single decimal digit.Thus, the year 1982 is represented in a four nibble packed decimalformat requiring only two bytes of storage in binary as b0001 b1001b1000 b0010. In Hexadecimal, the value is expressed as 0x1982. This isdistinct from a normal hexadecimal value for 1982 of 0x07BE.

The first field, YYYY, holds a four nibble packed decimal representationof the year. The second field, DDD, holds a three nibble packed decimalrepresentation of the Julian day of the year. The third field, F, holdsa one nibble sign value. The next nine fields hold packed decimal valuesfor the hours, the seconds, the tenths of seconds, the hundredths ofseconds, the milliseconds, the ten thousandths of second, the hundredthousandths of seconds and the microseconds, respectively. The finalfield, Aqq$ holds a four nibble value which reflects the differencebetween the stored time and UTC time.

The trace record 146 illustrated in FIGS. 4C and 4D is typical of atrace record created by the trace facility in IBM's IMS software productas well as other software products.

Computer systems use many different formats for timestamps notillustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D. The trace timestamp 452 and the logtimestamp 442 illustrate two methods of representing a precise timevalues. It is possible to convert a trace timestamp 452 to a formatequivalent to a log timestamp 442. Such a converted timestamp 452 may beprepended to a sixty-four bit sequence number to create a chronicletimestamp indicator 438. The chronicle timestamp indicator 438 and thelog timestamp indicator 436 exhibit the same format characteristics.

As discussed in reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, in one embodiment of anevent analyzer 200, a read module 304 may access a trace record 146. Anextraction module 306 may extract trace timestamp 452 from the tracerecord 146. A generation module 308 may generate a chronicle timestampindicator using the trace timestamp 452 to create a compatible logtimestamp 442. A placement module 310 may append the chronicle timestampindicator 438 to the end of the trace record 146 to create a modifiedchronicle record 243 a. Finally, a merge module 312 may merge themodified chronicle record 243 a with log records 144 in an outputdataset 230.

A single chronicle dataset 130 may contain thousands of chroniclerecords 140. The chronicle records 140 assist service personnel,developers, and others in analyzing the performance of a softwareapplication 110. However, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a single procedure112 in a software application 110 may write chronicle records 140 tomultiple chronicle datasets 130 in a variety of formats. In someinstances, it is sufficient to look at the records 140 stored in onlyone chronicle dataset 130. However, it is sometimes useful to look atlog records 144 in combination with trace records 146. To carry out suchan analysis, service personnel typically merge chronicle records 140from two or more chronicle datasets 130 into a single chronicle dataset130. In addition, service personnel typically sort the merged chronicledataset 130 according to one ore more fields in the chronicle records140.

FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a method 500 of the presentinvention. The method 500 comprises reading 504 a chronicle record 140from a chronicle dataset 130, extracting 506 a timestamp from thechronicle record 140, generating 508 a timestamp compatible with adesired timestamp format, placing 510 the generated timestamp back intothe chronicle record 140, repeating 512 the aforementioned steps foreach chronicle record 140 in the chronicle dataset 130, merging 514 themodified chronicle dataset 130 with another chronicle dataset 130 havingchronicle records 140 with the desired timestamp characteristics, andsorting 516 the merged dataset according to the timestamp field havingthe desired timestamp characteristics.

The method 500 may operate on two or more chronicle datasets 130.Generally, one of the chronicle datasets 130 has chronicle records 140that have desired timestamp characteristics, and one of the chronicledatasets 130 has chronicle records 140 that have incompatible timestampcharacteristics. When the method is completed, all the chronicle records140 will have compatible timestamp characteristics.

In one embodiment, reading 504 of each chronicle record 140 reads eachchronicle record 140 lacking the desired timestamp characteristics. Theinitialization parameters of the method may indicate which chronicledatasets 130 need to be read 504. In another embodiment, the process ofreading 504 includes determining whether the read chronicle record 140is compatible with the desired timestamp characteristics. In such anembodiment, no further processing is done on chronicle record 140 withcompatible timestamp characteristics until the datasets are merged 514.

For each chronicle record 140 read, a timestamp is extracted 506 fromthe chronicle record 140. A chronicle timestamp indicator 438 isgenerated 508 based on the extracted timestamp. The chronicle timestampindicator 438 may be built from a trace timestamp 452, or alternatively,the chronicle timestamp indicator 438 may be built from some othertimestamp. In either case, the chronicle timestamp indicator 438 iscompatible with the desired timestamp characteristics of for example alog time indicator 436.

The method 500 places 510 the generated timestamp indicator into theassociated chronicle record 140. The placement may be a prepending, anappending, an insertion, or a modification of an appropriate location inthe chronicle record 140.

The method 500 repeats 512 process steps 504, 506, 508, and 510 untilall of the chronicle records 140 have been read. Once all of the records140 have been read and updated, the chronicle datasets 130 are merged514. Merging of the two datasets may comprise appending the records ofone chronicle dataset 130 to the end of the other chronicle dataset 130or alternatively, it may comprise creating a new output chronicledataset 230.

The merged dataset 130 is sorted 516 according to the chronicletimestamp indicator 438 stored in each chronicle record 140. The finalchronicle dataset 130 contains records 140 from the original chronicledatasets 130, sorted according to the creation time of each record 140.

In one embodiment, all of the chronicle records 140 stored in achronicle dataset 130 are incompatible with the desired timestampcharacteristics. In such a case, the method updates all the chroniclerecords 140 in a chronicle dataset 130. However, in another embodiment,a chronicle dataset 130 may contain a mixture of chronicle records 140,some with compatible timestamp characteristics, and others withincompatible timestamp characteristics. In this case, reading 504 eachchronicle record 140 includes identifying those chronicle records 140which need to be modified and those chronicle records 140 which do notneed to be modified.

In one embodiment, generating 508 a compatible chronicle timestampindicator 438 comprises reading a definition for a desired timestampformat and generating 508 a chronicle timestamp indicator 438 based onthe definition read.

The method 500 may be performed by a service technician who initiates asoftware program which carries out the steps illustrated in FIG. 5. Sucha software program could be stored on a signal bearing medium and wouldconstitute an embodiment of the invention as well.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms withoutdeparting from its spirit or essential characteristics. The describedembodiments are to be considered in al respects only as illustrative andnot restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated bythe appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. Allchanges which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are to be embraced within their scope.

1. An apparatus for analyzing computer events recorded in a plurality ofdatasets, each dataset comprising a plurality of records, the apparatuscomprising: a read module configured to access a chronicle dataset ofchronicle records and a log dataset of log records, the chronicledataset having an incompatible chronicle record comprising a timestamphaving a format incompatible with the format of a log time indicatorassociated with each log record; an extraction module configured toextract the timestamp from the incompatible chronicle record; ageneration module configured to generat a chronicle time indicator basedon the extracted timestamp, the chronicle time indicator having a formatcompatible with the format of the log time indicator; a placement moduleconfigured to place the chronicle time indicator into the associatedincompatible chronicle record based on a position of the log timeindicator within the log records; and a presentation module configuredto present a merged dataset of the chronicle record and the log recordsby way of a reporting tool configured to display the merged records. 2.(canceled)
 3. (canceled)
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein themodules of said apparatus comprise software, hardware, firmware. 5.(canceled)
 6. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising anidentification module configured to identify the incompatible chroniclerecord within the chronicle dataset.
 7. The apparatus of claim 5 whereinthe identifyication module is configured to reference a chronicletimestamp definition and determine that the format of the timestamp inthe incompatible chronicle record matches the chronicle timestampdefinition.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the extraction moduleaccesses a chronicle timestamp definition and decodes a timestamp in theincompatible record based on the chronicle timestamp definition.
 9. Theapparatus of claim 8 wherein the chronicle timestamp definitioncomprises one or more of a position of a timestamp in each chroniclerecord and a format of a timestamp in each chronicle record.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 8 wherein the chronicle timestamp definitioncomprises one or more of a timestamp length and a timestamp encoding,the timestamp encoding defining an encoding format selected from thegroup consisting of binary coded decimal, character encoding, and fixedbinary.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the log time indicatorcomprises a sixteen byte trailing field at the end of each log record.12. The apparatus claim 11 wherein the trailing field comprises an eightbyte time field followed by an eight byte sequence number.
 13. Theapparatus of claim 12 wherein the time field further comprises asixty-four bit binary value representative of a duration of time sinceJan. 1,
 1900. 14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the sixty-four bitbinary value is taken from a mainframe time of day clock.
 15. A systemfor analyzing computer events recorded in a plurality of datasets, thesystem comprising: a read module configured to access a set of chroniclerecords stored in a chronicle dataset, the chronicle dataset having anincompatible chronicle record comprising a header portion containing atimestamp having a format incompatible with the format of a log timeindicator associated with a log record stored in a log dataset, whereinthe first two bytes of the header portion contain a hexadecimal tracerecord type equal to 0x67FA and the timestamp comprises a twelve bytepacked decimal value and wherein the last sixteen bytes of the logrecord contain an eight byte log time indicator followed by an eightbyte sequence number, the log time indicator comprising an eight bytemainframe time of day clock value representative of a duration of timesince Jan. 1, 1900; an extraction module configured to extract thetimestamp from the incompatible chronicle record; a generation moduleconfigured to generate a chronicle time indicator based on the extractedtimestamp, the chronicle time indicator having a format compatible withthe format of the log time indicator; a placement module configured toupdate the incompatible chronicle record by placing the chronicle timeindicator into the incompatible chronicle record in accordance with aposition of the log time indicator within the log records; and a mergemodule configured to merge the updated incompatible chronicle recordwith the log record such that the chronicle record and the log recordare ordered based on times defined within the chronicle time indicatorand the log time indicator.
 16. The system of claim 15 furthercomprising an identification module configured to identify the at leastone incompatible chronicle record within the chronicle dataset bylocating a record containing the hexadecimal value 0x67FA in the firsttwo bytes of the chronicle record.
 17. The system of claim 16 whereinextracting the timestamp from the chronicle record comprises accessing achronicle timestamp definition and decoding the timestamp in the headerportion according to the chronicle timestamp definition.
 18. (canceled)19. (canceled)
 20. (canceled)